Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
2
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
3
Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Abstract
Background: Lymphoma, a heterogeneous malignancy of lymphocytes, is commonly treated with chemotherapy regimens like R-CHOP, which include glucocorticoids known to induce hyperglycemia and potentially cause new-onset diabetes or worsen existing diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lymphoma treatment on the development of new-onset diabetes and related complications.
Methods: This observational cohort study included 61 lymphoma patients: 39 non-diabetic and 22 diabetic. Detailed history, physical exams, and lab investigations (FBS, 2-hour postprandial blood sugar, and HbA1c) were conducted before and after treatment.
Results: In the non-diabetic group, 23.1% developed new-onset diabetes. These patients had higher mean weight (85 ± 8 kg vs. 79 ± 7 kg, P = 0.046) and BMI (28.5 ± 3.2 vs. 23.4 ± 1.7, P < 0.001). Post-treatment, fasting blood sugar increased (123 ± 20 mg/dL vs. 90 ± 10 mg/dL, P < 0.001), as did 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (179 ± 31 mg/dL vs. 138 ± 16 mg/dL, P = 0.003) and HbA1c (5.9 ± 0.4% vs. 5.1 ± 0.3%, P < 0.001). BMI increase significantly predicted new-onset diabetes (OR = 1.984, 95% CI = 1.205–3.267, P = 0.007). In the diabetic group, 72.7% experienced complications, with higher post-treatment HbA1c levels (8.4 ± 0.7% vs. 7.5 ± 1%, P = 0.033) and more complications in those treated with R-CHOP (87.5% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.025).
Conclusions: Lymphoma treatments, especially those with steroids like R-CHOP, significantly increase the risk of new-onset diabetes and related complications, necessitating careful glucose monitoring and management.
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